Copyright Text: SHELDUS (1960-2020); Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (2000-2021); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: SHELDUS (1960-2020); Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (2000-2021); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: U.S. Census Bureau (2020); USAfacts (2020-2022); CDC Wonder Database (1999-2019); Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) (2000-2021); SHELDUS (1960-2020); Global Terrorism Database (1970-2020) ;K-12 School Shooting Database, Naval Postgraduate School's Center for Homeland Defense and Security (1970-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: U.S. Census Bureau (2020); USAfacts (2020-2022); CDC Wonder Database (1999-2019); Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) (2000-2021); SHELDUS (1960-2020); Global Terrorism Database (1970-2020) ;K-12 School Shooting Database, Naval Postgraduate School's Center for Homeland Defense and Security (1970-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: U.S. Census Bureau (2020); USAfacts (2020-2022); CDC Wonder Database (1999-2019); Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) (2000-2021); SHELDUS (1960-2020); Global Terrorism Database (1970-2020) ;K-12 School Shooting Database, Naval Postgraduate School's Center for Homeland Defense and Security (1970-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: U.S. Census Bureau (2020); USAfacts (2020-2022); CDC Wonder Database (1999-2019); Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) (2000-2021); SHELDUS (1960-2020); Global Terrorism Database (1970-2020) ;K-12 School Shooting Database, Naval Postgraduate School's Center for Homeland Defense and Security (1970-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>South Carolina Code of Laws §48-39-280, as amended, requires the Department of Health and Environmental Control’s Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management (OCRM or Department) to establish and periodically review the position of the two lines of beachfront jurisdiction (the baseline and the setback line) once every seven to ten years.</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The baseline is the more seaward of the two jurisdictional lines. The setback line is the landward line of beachfront jurisdiction.</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>As part of the process of delineating these jurisdictional lines, the Department utilizes beach dune monitoring data, recent dune field topographic data, such as Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR), elevation measurements collected with a survey-grade GPS unit, vegetation measurements collected with a mapping-grade GPS unit, current and historical aerial photographs dating back at least 40 years that show the shoreline location, and previous shoreline change analysis data or reports.</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>To establish the baseline position, the shoreline must first be classified as an inlet zone or a standard zone. Areas that are close to inlets with non-parallel offshore bathymetric contours and non-parallel historical shoreline positions are classified as inlet zones, while all other areas are classified as standard zones. Inlet zone classifications are further refined as either unstabilized, or stabilized by jetties, groins, or seawalls. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN /><SPAN>In stabilized inlet zones and standard zones, the baseline is located at the crest of the primary oceanfront sand dune using beach survey data or dune field topographic data such as LIDAR. The primary oceanfront sand dune is defined as a dune with a minimum height of 3 feet, as measured vertically from the crest to the toe of the dune. This dune must also form a continuous line for 500 shore parallel feet. If the shoreline has been altered naturally or artificially by the construction of erosion control devices, groins, or other man-made alterations, the baseline must be established where the crest of the primary oceanfront sand dune would be located if the shoreline had not been altered.</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN /><SPAN>To calculate a dune crest position at an armored location, the volume of sand on the beach seaward of the erosion control structure is determined from survey data and then compared to the volume of sand from a nearby unarmored reference profile that displays a representative sand dune. The reference profile is overlaid on the armored profile in such a way that the measured sand volumes match, and then the dune crest position can be transferred from the reference profile to the armored profile. This calculated dune crest position then becomes the baseline.</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN>In unstabilized inlet zones, the baseline is established at the most landward shoreline position at any time during the past 40 years, unless the best available scientific and historical data of the inlet and adjacent beaches indicate that the shoreline is unlikely to return to its former position. This baseline position is established by analyzing shorelines created from historical aerial photographs or shoreline data collected in the field, and identifying the most landward shoreline position.</SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-weight:bold;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN /><SPAN>Process for Establishing the Setback Line Position</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;"><SPAN>The setback line position is dependent on the baseline position and the average annual shoreline change rate, also known as the average long-term erosion rate. The shoreline change rate is calculated using available historical shoreline data and GIS software. The setback line is established landward of the baseline a distance which is 40 times the average annual shoreline change rate or not less than 20 feet.</SPAN><SPAN /></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>During this line review, the shoreline change rate calculation was performed using AMBUR (Analyzing Moving Boundaries using R), a tool available through the R-forge statistical environment. Shoreline change analysis was performed every 200 feet. Once the shoreline change rates were calculated, they were analyzed and grouped using the ESRI ArcGIS spatial statistics tool called ‘Grouping’. The values within each group were averaged to obtain an annual shoreline change rate. This rate was multiplied by 40 to generate the setback distance from the baseline.</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN /></P><P><SPAN /></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Copyright Text: NCEI Storm Database flood episode data (1996-2020); OpenFEMA Redacted NFIP Claims (1997-2021); FEMA Repetitive Loss List (1977-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute, UofSC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NCEI Storm Database flood episode data (1996-2020); OpenFEMA Redacted NFIP Claims (1997-2021); FEMA Repetitive Loss List (1977-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute, UofSC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NCEI Storm Database flood episode data (1996-2020); OpenFEMA Redacted NFIP Claims (1997-2021); FEMA Repetitive Loss List (1977-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute, UofSC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NCEI Storm Database flood episode data (1996-2020); OpenFEMA Redacted NFIP Claims (1997-2021); FEMA Repetitive Loss List (1977-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute, UofSC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NCEI Storm Database flood episode data (1996-2020); OpenFEMA Redacted NFIP Claims (1997-2021); FEMA Repetitive Loss List (1977-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute, UofSC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NCEI Storm Database flood episode data (1996-2020); OpenFEMA Redacted NFIP Claims (1997-2021); FEMA Repetitive Loss List (1977-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute, UofSC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NCEI Storm Database flood episode data (1996-2020); OpenFEMA Redacted NFIP Claims (1997-2021); FEMA Repetitive Loss List (1977-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute, UofSC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NCEI Storm Database flood episode data (1996-2020); OpenFEMA Redacted NFIP Claims (1997-2021); FEMA Repetitive Loss List (1977-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute, UofSC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NCEI Storm Database flood episode data (1996-2020); OpenFEMA Redacted NFIP Claims (1997-2021); FEMA Repetitive Loss List (1977-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute, UofSC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NCEI Storm Database flood episode data (1996-2020); OpenFEMA Redacted NFIP Claims (1997-2021); FEMA Repetitive Loss List (1977-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute, UofSC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NCEI Storm Database flood episode data (1996-2020); OpenFEMA Redacted NFIP Claims (1997-2021); FEMA Repetitive Loss List (1977-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute, UofSC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NCEI Storm Database flood episode data (1996-2020); OpenFEMA Redacted NFIP Claims (1997-2021); FEMA Repetitive Loss List (1977-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute, UofSC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NCEI Storm Database flood episode data (1996-2020); OpenFEMA Redacted NFIP Claims (1997-2021); FEMA Repetitive Loss List (1977-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute, UofSC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NCEI Storm Database flood episode data (1996-2020); OpenFEMA Redacted NFIP Claims (1997-2021); FEMA Repetitive Loss List (1977-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute, UofSC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NCEI Storm Database flood episode data (1996-2020); OpenFEMA Redacted NFIP Claims (1997-2021); FEMA Repetitive Loss List (1977-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute, UofSC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NCEI Storm Database flood episode data (1996-2020); OpenFEMA Redacted NFIP Claims (1997-2021); FEMA Repetitive Loss List (1977-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute, UofSC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NCEI Storm Database flood episode data (1996-2020); OpenFEMA Redacted NFIP Claims (1997-2021); FEMA Repetitive Loss List (1977-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute, UofSC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NCEI Storm Database flood episode data (1996-2020); OpenFEMA Redacted NFIP Claims (1997-2021); FEMA Repetitive Loss List (1977-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute, UofSC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) (2000-2021); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) (2000-2021); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) (2000-2021); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) (2000-2021); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) (2000-2021); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) (2000-2021); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) (2000-2021); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) (2000-2021); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) (2000-2021); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) (2000-2021); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Events Database (1996-2021); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI) USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Events Database (1996-2021); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI) USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Events Database (1996-2021); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI) USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Events Database (1996-2021); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI) USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Events Database (1996-2021); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI) USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">Data Source Comparison Thoughts</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>Population</SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Numbers Reported</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="font-weight:bold;margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>U.S. Census Bureau (2020)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>5,118,425</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-weight:bold;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>This estimate is pulled from the US Census Bureau Population Reporting 2020, which is in the file </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>2020_SCPop</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>(</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, a summary file from </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>DECENNIALPL2020.P1-2021-11-23T184402 </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>(Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\GISReference\Population</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:12pt"><SPAN>)</SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>5,218,040</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>This estimate is based on the SC DHEC reported population estimates in each of the county-specific dashboard table pages and in the statewide dashboard table. The county estimates and the statewide estimate had the same number. The SC DHEC population estimates are ‘2020 population estimates’ from the Census’ experimental 1-year American Community Survey (ACS). </SPAN></P></LI></UL><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 8;"><SPAN>Difference</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 56;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>99,615</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> with a net positive for SC DHEC estimates. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 8;"><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC estimates (1-year ACS) – Census (Decennial) Population = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher estimate in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher estimate in the census population. Most counties had a greater population estimate using the SC DHEC data than with the census population. However, 10 counties had greater population estimates using the census bureau: (Chester (-62), Colleton (-1,123), Georgetown (-51), Hampton (-508), McCormick (-96), Marlboro (-1,086), Pickens (-3,421), Spartanburg (-1,792), Union (-253), and Williamsburg (-1,201). The biggest discrepancies are Horry County </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>(+14,420)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> and Pickens County </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>(-3,421)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">COVID Cases and Deaths </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Three different sources for both COVID cases and COVID deaths were used: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFacts</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>SC DHEC Estimates</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, and the </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN /><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;">Numbers Reported</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">USAFacts</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;">975,320</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN /><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">USAFacts</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Deaths: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>14,636</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the cumulative reported cases on 12/31/2021 to include all reported cases in 2020 and 2021 and all reported deaths in the same time frame. The raw data files are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\ PublicHealth\Data\COVID\Raw. The USAFacts raw files have the “USAFacts” prefix. Cases are </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFACTS_covid_confirmed_usafacts 01122022</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. Deaths are </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFACTS_covid_deaths_usafacts 01122022</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">SC DHEC</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>1,000,194</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>When checked, there was a discrepancy of 70 cases in the SC DHEC data (last reported number: 1,000,264). Our thoughts are that SC DHEC is continually updating the data and it will then change the number of cases. Not every county had a discrepancy and those that did were only around 2-3. </SPAN><SPAN /></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:16pt"> </SPAN><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:16pt"> Deaths: </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt">14,858</SPAN></P></LI></UL></LI></UL><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the reported values from the beginning of 2020 to 12/31/2021. The raw data files (in the form of pdfs) are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID\SCDHEC\PDFs. The excel files combining each county are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID\Raw. The SC DHEC raw files have the “SC DHEC” prefix. Cases and deaths are combined. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>975,320</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="text-indent:20;margin:0 0 11 20;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Deaths: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>14,636</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the NYTimes updated database through GitHub. It provides yearly data for 2020, 2021, and 2022. This data is cumulative so to capture the 2020-2021 timeframe, data is from 12/31/2021. The raw data files are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\ Data\COVID\NYTimes. Cases and deaths are combined in the excel sheet. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>Differences in Cases</SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>24,874</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and USAFacts. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC– USAFacts = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in USAFacts. All counties reported a higher number of cases in the SC DHEC data than the USAFacts data. The range of discrepancies is from Greenville County (</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>3,028</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>) to Allendale County (</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>26</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>). On average, there is a difference of </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>542</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> cases. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>24,874</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and New York Times. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC– NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties reported a higher number of cases in the SC DHEC data than the NYTimes data. This data difference is the same as the SC DHEC/USAFacts Cases difference values. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>No difference</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>between USAFacts and New York Times. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is USAFacts – NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in USAFacts, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Reported data started 3/6/2022 (USAFacts and NYTimes) and 3/4/2022 (SC DHEC).</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Differences in Deaths</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>222</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and USAFacts. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC – USAFacts = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in USAFacts. 12 counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0 (Bamberg, Barnwell, Berkeley, Charleston, Clarendon, Edgefield, Fairfield, Hampton, Jasper, Lee, Marion, and Union. The other counties had positive values. The range of discrepancies is from Greenville County (</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>40</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>) and Aiken and Allendale, both at </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>1</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. On average, there is a difference of </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>4.8</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> deaths. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>222</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>between SC DHEC and NYTimes. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>See the SC DHEC and USAFacts difference description. </SPAN><SPAN /></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;">No Difference </SPAN><SPAN>between USAFacts and NYTimes. </SPAN><SPAN /></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>The difference equation is USAFacts – NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in USAFacts, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0. </SPAN></P></LI></UL></LI></UL></LI></UL><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Reported data started 3/16/2022 (USAFacts and NYTimes), and 3/15/2022 (DHEC). </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>Data Summary </SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>NYTimes</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports the cumulative number of cases for each geographic area. The case counts include lab-confirmed and probable cases. The criteria for probable cases are provided in the readme (</SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://int.nyt.com/data/documenthelper/6908-cste-interim-20-id-01-covid-19/85d47e89b637cd643d50/optimized/full.pdf" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>linked here</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>). The readme includes a disclaimer about the reporting variability in geographies, including some counties including confirmed and probable cases as a single total and some geographies not including probable cases. The data includes cases and deaths in the same workbook file. Deaths overall include confirmed and probable counts. They distinguished between confirmed and probable deaths, with probable deaths including deaths where COVID was listed on the death certificate as a cause of death/significant contributing condition, but not a positive lab test. Additionally, deaths among probable cases tracked by a state/local health department where a death certificate hadn’t been filed were also counted. The readme notes the effort made by NYTimes to update the data to reflect the most current counts (including any possible removal/reallocation). </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports the cases, deaths, and population estimates in South Carolina, South Carolina regions, and South Carolina counties with the option to further enhance the criteria of the data. Based on the lack of a mention of the data being cumulative and matching the data from “Cases” and “Deaths” (full-time) to the combination of 2020 and 2021 data, it is assumed that the data is not cumulative. The case counts include the number of confirmed and probable cases (</SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://scdhec.gov/covid19/covid-19-confirmed-probable-cases" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>more information linked here</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>). In the data itself, confirmed and probable cases are combined in “Cases”. Cases and deaths are broken out to further criteria (Race, ethnicity, sex, and age). No additional data is provided for what is considered for deaths in the data. This source gives an option to view certain case and death counts for a period by changing the slider for start and end dates. Extensive detail about the background of the SC DHEC data and population estimates is not provided. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>USAFacts</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports nationwide COVID cases and deaths. A link to the detailed methodology and sources is provided here: </SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://usafacts.org/articles/detailed-methodology-covid-19-data/" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>link</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>. This source aggregates data from the CDC and state/local public health agencies. The detailed methodology does provide a disclaimer that states: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>“Because of the frequency with which we are currently updating this data, this may not reflect the exact numbers reported by state and local government organizations or the news media. Numbers may also fluctuate as agencies update their own data.”</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN> The data is cumulative. It counts presumptive positive cases as confirmed cases (identified as only cases for both in the data). It takes deaths directly from state/local agencies. Deaths were counted only if COVID played a significant role in causing death. When the location of death and location of residency were reported in a death, deaths were attributed to the location of residency. The data lists South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SC DHEC) as a source for South Carolina. </SPAN></P></LI></UL><P /></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Copyright Text: USAfacts (2020-2022); CDC Wonder Database (1999-2019); US Census Bureau Redistricting Data (2020); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI) USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">Data Source Comparison Thoughts</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>Population</SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Numbers Reported</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="font-weight:bold;margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>U.S. Census Bureau (2020)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>5,118,425</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-weight:bold;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>This estimate is pulled from the US Census Bureau Population Reporting 2020, which is in the file </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>2020_SCPop</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>(</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, a summary file from </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>DECENNIALPL2020.P1-2021-11-23T184402 </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>(Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\GISReference\Population</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:12pt"><SPAN>)</SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>5,218,040</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>This estimate is based on the SC DHEC reported population estimates in each of the county-specific dashboard table pages and in the statewide dashboard table. The county estimates and the statewide estimate had the same number. The SC DHEC population estimates are ‘2020 population estimates’ from the Census’ experimental 1-year American Community Survey (ACS). </SPAN></P></LI></UL><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 8;"><SPAN>Difference</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 56;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>99,615</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> with a net positive for SC DHEC estimates. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 8;"><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC estimates (1-year ACS) – Census (Decennial) Population = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher estimate in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher estimate in the census population. Most counties had a greater population estimate using the SC DHEC data than with the census population. However, 10 counties had greater population estimates using the census bureau: (Chester (-62), Colleton (-1,123), Georgetown (-51), Hampton (-508), McCormick (-96), Marlboro (-1,086), Pickens (-3,421), Spartanburg (-1,792), Union (-253), and Williamsburg (-1,201). The biggest discrepancies are Horry County </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>(+14,420)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> and Pickens County </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>(-3,421)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">COVID Cases and Deaths </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Three different sources for both COVID cases and COVID deaths were used: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFacts</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>SC DHEC Estimates</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, and the </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN /><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;">Numbers Reported</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">USAFacts</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;">975,320</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN /><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">USAFacts</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Deaths: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>14,636</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the cumulative reported cases on 12/31/2021 to include all reported cases in 2020 and 2021 and all reported deaths in the same time frame. The raw data files are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\ PublicHealth\Data\COVID\Raw. The USAFacts raw files have the “USAFacts” prefix. Cases are </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFACTS_covid_confirmed_usafacts 01122022</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. Deaths are </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFACTS_covid_deaths_usafacts 01122022</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">SC DHEC</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>1,000,194</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>When checked, there was a discrepancy of 70 cases in the SC DHEC data (last reported number: 1,000,264). Our thoughts are that SC DHEC is continually updating the data and it will then change the number of cases. Not every county had a discrepancy and those that did were only around 2-3. </SPAN><SPAN /></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:16pt"> </SPAN><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:16pt"> Deaths: </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt">14,858</SPAN></P></LI></UL></LI></UL><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the reported values from the beginning of 2020 to 12/31/2021. The raw data files (in the form of pdfs) are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID\SCDHEC\PDFs. The excel files combining each county are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID\Raw. The SC DHEC raw files have the “SC DHEC” prefix. Cases and deaths are combined. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>975,320</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="text-indent:20;margin:0 0 11 20;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Deaths: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>14,636</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the NYTimes updated database through GitHub. It provides yearly data for 2020, 2021, and 2022. This data is cumulative so to capture the 2020-2021 timeframe, data is from 12/31/2021. The raw data files are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\ Data\COVID\NYTimes. Cases and deaths are combined in the excel sheet. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>Differences in Cases</SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>24,874</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and USAFacts. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC– USAFacts = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in USAFacts. All counties reported a higher number of cases in the SC DHEC data than the USAFacts data. The range of discrepancies is from Greenville County (</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>3,028</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>) to Allendale County (</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>26</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>). On average, there is a difference of </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>542</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> cases. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>24,874</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and New York Times. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC– NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties reported a higher number of cases in the SC DHEC data than the NYTimes data. This data difference is the same as the SC DHEC/USAFacts Cases difference values. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>No difference</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>between USAFacts and New York Times. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is USAFacts – NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in USAFacts, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Reported data started 3/6/2022 (USAFacts and NYTimes) and 3/4/2022 (SC DHEC).</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Differences in Deaths</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>222</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and USAFacts. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC – USAFacts = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in USAFacts. 12 counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0 (Bamberg, Barnwell, Berkeley, Charleston, Clarendon, Edgefield, Fairfield, Hampton, Jasper, Lee, Marion, and Union. The other counties had positive values. The range of discrepancies is from Greenville County (</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>40</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>) and Aiken and Allendale, both at </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>1</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. On average, there is a difference of </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>4.8</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> deaths. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>222</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>between SC DHEC and NYTimes. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>See the SC DHEC and USAFacts difference description. </SPAN><SPAN /></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;">No Difference </SPAN><SPAN>between USAFacts and NYTimes. </SPAN><SPAN /></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>The difference equation is USAFacts – NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in USAFacts, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0. </SPAN></P></LI></UL></LI></UL></LI></UL><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Reported data started 3/16/2022 (USAFacts and NYTimes), and 3/15/2022 (DHEC). </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>Data Summary </SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>NYTimes</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports the cumulative number of cases for each geographic area. The case counts include lab-confirmed and probable cases. The criteria for probable cases are provided in the readme (</SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://int.nyt.com/data/documenthelper/6908-cste-interim-20-id-01-covid-19/85d47e89b637cd643d50/optimized/full.pdf" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>linked here</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>). The readme includes a disclaimer about the reporting variability in geographies, including some counties including confirmed and probable cases as a single total and some geographies not including probable cases. The data includes cases and deaths in the same workbook file. Deaths overall include confirmed and probable counts. They distinguished between confirmed and probable deaths, with probable deaths including deaths where COVID was listed on the death certificate as a cause of death/significant contributing condition, but not a positive lab test. Additionally, deaths among probable cases tracked by a state/local health department where a death certificate hadn’t been filed were also counted. The readme notes the effort made by NYTimes to update the data to reflect the most current counts (including any possible removal/reallocation). </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports the cases, deaths, and population estimates in South Carolina, South Carolina regions, and South Carolina counties with the option to further enhance the criteria of the data. Based on the lack of a mention of the data being cumulative and matching the data from “Cases” and “Deaths” (full-time) to the combination of 2020 and 2021 data, it is assumed that the data is not cumulative. The case counts include the number of confirmed and probable cases (</SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://scdhec.gov/covid19/covid-19-confirmed-probable-cases" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>more information linked here</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>). In the data itself, confirmed and probable cases are combined in “Cases”. Cases and deaths are broken out to further criteria (Race, ethnicity, sex, and age). No additional data is provided for what is considered for deaths in the data. This source gives an option to view certain case and death counts for a period by changing the slider for start and end dates. Extensive detail about the background of the SC DHEC data and population estimates is not provided. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>USAFacts</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports nationwide COVID cases and deaths. A link to the detailed methodology and sources is provided here: </SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://usafacts.org/articles/detailed-methodology-covid-19-data/" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>link</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>. This source aggregates data from the CDC and state/local public health agencies. The detailed methodology does provide a disclaimer that states: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>“Because of the frequency with which we are currently updating this data, this may not reflect the exact numbers reported by state and local government organizations or the news media. Numbers may also fluctuate as agencies update their own data.”</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN> The data is cumulative. It counts presumptive positive cases as confirmed cases (identified as only cases for both in the data). It takes deaths directly from state/local agencies. Deaths were counted only if COVID played a significant role in causing death. When the location of death and location of residency were reported in a death, deaths were attributed to the location of residency. The data lists South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SC DHEC) as a source for South Carolina. </SPAN></P></LI></UL><P /></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Copyright Text: USAfacts (2020-2022); CDC Wonder Database (1999-2019); US Census Bureau Redistricting Data (2020); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI) USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">Data Source Comparison Thoughts</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>Population</SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Numbers Reported</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="font-weight:bold;margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>U.S. Census Bureau (2020)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>5,118,425</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-weight:bold;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>This estimate is pulled from the US Census Bureau Population Reporting 2020, which is in the file </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>2020_SCPop</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>(</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, a summary file from </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>DECENNIALPL2020.P1-2021-11-23T184402 </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>(Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\GISReference\Population</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:12pt"><SPAN>)</SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>5,218,040</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>This estimate is based on the SC DHEC reported population estimates in each of the county-specific dashboard table pages and in the statewide dashboard table. The county estimates and the statewide estimate had the same number. The SC DHEC population estimates are ‘2020 population estimates’ from the Census’ experimental 1-year American Community Survey (ACS). </SPAN></P></LI></UL><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 8;"><SPAN>Difference</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 56;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>99,615</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> with a net positive for SC DHEC estimates. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 8;"><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC estimates (1-year ACS) – Census (Decennial) Population = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher estimate in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher estimate in the census population. Most counties had a greater population estimate using the SC DHEC data than with the census population. However, 10 counties had greater population estimates using the census bureau: (Chester (-62), Colleton (-1,123), Georgetown (-51), Hampton (-508), McCormick (-96), Marlboro (-1,086), Pickens (-3,421), Spartanburg (-1,792), Union (-253), and Williamsburg (-1,201). The biggest discrepancies are Horry County </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>(+14,420)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> and Pickens County </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>(-3,421)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">COVID Cases and Deaths </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Three different sources for both COVID cases and COVID deaths were used: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFacts</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>SC DHEC Estimates</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, and the </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN /><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;">Numbers Reported</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">USAFacts</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;">975,320</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN /><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">USAFacts</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Deaths: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>14,636</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the cumulative reported cases on 12/31/2021 to include all reported cases in 2020 and 2021 and all reported deaths in the same time frame. The raw data files are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\ PublicHealth\Data\COVID\Raw. The USAFacts raw files have the “USAFacts” prefix. Cases are </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFACTS_covid_confirmed_usafacts 01122022</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. Deaths are </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFACTS_covid_deaths_usafacts 01122022</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">SC DHEC</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>1,000,194</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>When checked, there was a discrepancy of 70 cases in the SC DHEC data (last reported number: 1,000,264). Our thoughts are that SC DHEC is continually updating the data and it will then change the number of cases. Not every county had a discrepancy and those that did were only around 2-3. </SPAN><SPAN /></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:16pt"> </SPAN><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:16pt"> Deaths: </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt">14,858</SPAN></P></LI></UL></LI></UL><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the reported values from the beginning of 2020 to 12/31/2021. The raw data files (in the form of pdfs) are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID\SCDHEC\PDFs. The excel files combining each county are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID\Raw. The SC DHEC raw files have the “SC DHEC” prefix. Cases and deaths are combined. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>975,320</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="text-indent:20;margin:0 0 11 20;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Deaths: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>14,636</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the NYTimes updated database through GitHub. It provides yearly data for 2020, 2021, and 2022. This data is cumulative so to capture the 2020-2021 timeframe, data is from 12/31/2021. The raw data files are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\ Data\COVID\NYTimes. Cases and deaths are combined in the excel sheet. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>Differences in Cases</SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>24,874</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and USAFacts. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC– USAFacts = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in USAFacts. All counties reported a higher number of cases in the SC DHEC data than the USAFacts data. The range of discrepancies is from Greenville County (</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>3,028</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>) to Allendale County (</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>26</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>). On average, there is a difference of </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>542</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> cases. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>24,874</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and New York Times. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC– NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties reported a higher number of cases in the SC DHEC data than the NYTimes data. This data difference is the same as the SC DHEC/USAFacts Cases difference values. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>No difference</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>between USAFacts and New York Times. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is USAFacts – NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in USAFacts, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Reported data started 3/6/2022 (USAFacts and NYTimes) and 3/4/2022 (SC DHEC).</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Differences in Deaths</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>222</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and USAFacts. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC – USAFacts = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in USAFacts. 12 counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0 (Bamberg, Barnwell, Berkeley, Charleston, Clarendon, Edgefield, Fairfield, Hampton, Jasper, Lee, Marion, and Union. The other counties had positive values. The range of discrepancies is from Greenville County (</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>40</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>) and Aiken and Allendale, both at </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>1</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. On average, there is a difference of </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>4.8</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> deaths. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>222</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>between SC DHEC and NYTimes. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>See the SC DHEC and USAFacts difference description. </SPAN><SPAN /></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;">No Difference </SPAN><SPAN>between USAFacts and NYTimes. </SPAN><SPAN /></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>The difference equation is USAFacts – NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in USAFacts, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0. </SPAN></P></LI></UL></LI></UL></LI></UL><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Reported data started 3/16/2022 (USAFacts and NYTimes), and 3/15/2022 (DHEC). </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>Data Summary </SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>NYTimes</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports the cumulative number of cases for each geographic area. The case counts include lab-confirmed and probable cases. The criteria for probable cases are provided in the readme (</SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://int.nyt.com/data/documenthelper/6908-cste-interim-20-id-01-covid-19/85d47e89b637cd643d50/optimized/full.pdf" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>linked here</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>). The readme includes a disclaimer about the reporting variability in geographies, including some counties including confirmed and probable cases as a single total and some geographies not including probable cases. The data includes cases and deaths in the same workbook file. Deaths overall include confirmed and probable counts. They distinguished between confirmed and probable deaths, with probable deaths including deaths where COVID was listed on the death certificate as a cause of death/significant contributing condition, but not a positive lab test. Additionally, deaths among probable cases tracked by a state/local health department where a death certificate hadn’t been filed were also counted. The readme notes the effort made by NYTimes to update the data to reflect the most current counts (including any possible removal/reallocation). </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports the cases, deaths, and population estimates in South Carolina, South Carolina regions, and South Carolina counties with the option to further enhance the criteria of the data. Based on the lack of a mention of the data being cumulative and matching the data from “Cases” and “Deaths” (full-time) to the combination of 2020 and 2021 data, it is assumed that the data is not cumulative. The case counts include the number of confirmed and probable cases (</SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://scdhec.gov/covid19/covid-19-confirmed-probable-cases" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>more information linked here</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>). In the data itself, confirmed and probable cases are combined in “Cases”. Cases and deaths are broken out to further criteria (Race, ethnicity, sex, and age). No additional data is provided for what is considered for deaths in the data. This source gives an option to view certain case and death counts for a period by changing the slider for start and end dates. Extensive detail about the background of the SC DHEC data and population estimates is not provided. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>USAFacts</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports nationwide COVID cases and deaths. A link to the detailed methodology and sources is provided here: </SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://usafacts.org/articles/detailed-methodology-covid-19-data/" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>link</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>. This source aggregates data from the CDC and state/local public health agencies. The detailed methodology does provide a disclaimer that states: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>“Because of the frequency with which we are currently updating this data, this may not reflect the exact numbers reported by state and local government organizations or the news media. Numbers may also fluctuate as agencies update their own data.”</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN> The data is cumulative. It counts presumptive positive cases as confirmed cases (identified as only cases for both in the data). It takes deaths directly from state/local agencies. Deaths were counted only if COVID played a significant role in causing death. When the location of death and location of residency were reported in a death, deaths were attributed to the location of residency. The data lists South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SC DHEC) as a source for South Carolina. </SPAN></P></LI></UL><P /></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Copyright Text: USAfacts (2020-2022); CDC Wonder Database (1999-2019); US Census Bureau Redistricting Data (2020); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI) USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">Data Source Comparison Thoughts</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>Population</SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Numbers Reported</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="font-weight:bold;margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>U.S. Census Bureau (2020)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>5,118,425</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-weight:bold;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>This estimate is pulled from the US Census Bureau Population Reporting 2020, which is in the file </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>2020_SCPop</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>(</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, a summary file from </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>DECENNIALPL2020.P1-2021-11-23T184402 </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>(Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\GISReference\Population</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:12pt"><SPAN>)</SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>5,218,040</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>This estimate is based on the SC DHEC reported population estimates in each of the county-specific dashboard table pages and in the statewide dashboard table. The county estimates and the statewide estimate had the same number. The SC DHEC population estimates are ‘2020 population estimates’ from the Census’ experimental 1-year American Community Survey (ACS). </SPAN></P></LI></UL><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 8;"><SPAN>Difference</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 56;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>99,615</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> with a net positive for SC DHEC estimates. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 8;"><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC estimates (1-year ACS) – Census (Decennial) Population = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher estimate in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher estimate in the census population. Most counties had a greater population estimate using the SC DHEC data than with the census population. However, 10 counties had greater population estimates using the census bureau: (Chester (-62), Colleton (-1,123), Georgetown (-51), Hampton (-508), McCormick (-96), Marlboro (-1,086), Pickens (-3,421), Spartanburg (-1,792), Union (-253), and Williamsburg (-1,201). The biggest discrepancies are Horry County </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>(+14,420)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> and Pickens County </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>(-3,421)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">COVID Cases and Deaths </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Three different sources for both COVID cases and COVID deaths were used: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFacts</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>SC DHEC Estimates</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, and the </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN /><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;">Numbers Reported</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">USAFacts</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;">975,320</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN /><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">USAFacts</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Deaths: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>14,636</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the cumulative reported cases on 12/31/2021 to include all reported cases in 2020 and 2021 and all reported deaths in the same time frame. The raw data files are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\ PublicHealth\Data\COVID\Raw. The USAFacts raw files have the “USAFacts” prefix. Cases are </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFACTS_covid_confirmed_usafacts 01122022</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. Deaths are </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFACTS_covid_deaths_usafacts 01122022</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">SC DHEC</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>1,000,194</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>When checked, there was a discrepancy of 70 cases in the SC DHEC data (last reported number: 1,000,264). Our thoughts are that SC DHEC is continually updating the data and it will then change the number of cases. Not every county had a discrepancy and those that did were only around 2-3. </SPAN><SPAN /></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:16pt"> </SPAN><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:16pt"> Deaths: </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt">14,858</SPAN></P></LI></UL></LI></UL><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the reported values from the beginning of 2020 to 12/31/2021. The raw data files (in the form of pdfs) are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID\SCDHEC\PDFs. The excel files combining each county are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID\Raw. The SC DHEC raw files have the “SC DHEC” prefix. Cases and deaths are combined. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>975,320</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="text-indent:20;margin:0 0 11 20;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Deaths: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>14,636</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the NYTimes updated database through GitHub. It provides yearly data for 2020, 2021, and 2022. This data is cumulative so to capture the 2020-2021 timeframe, data is from 12/31/2021. The raw data files are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\ Data\COVID\NYTimes. Cases and deaths are combined in the excel sheet. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>Differences in Cases</SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>24,874</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and USAFacts. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC– USAFacts = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in USAFacts. All counties reported a higher number of cases in the SC DHEC data than the USAFacts data. The range of discrepancies is from Greenville County (</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>3,028</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>) to Allendale County (</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>26</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>). On average, there is a difference of </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>542</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> cases. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>24,874</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and New York Times. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC– NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties reported a higher number of cases in the SC DHEC data than the NYTimes data. This data difference is the same as the SC DHEC/USAFacts Cases difference values. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>No difference</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>between USAFacts and New York Times. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is USAFacts – NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in USAFacts, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Reported data started 3/6/2022 (USAFacts and NYTimes) and 3/4/2022 (SC DHEC).</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Differences in Deaths</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>222</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and USAFacts. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC – USAFacts = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in USAFacts. 12 counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0 (Bamberg, Barnwell, Berkeley, Charleston, Clarendon, Edgefield, Fairfield, Hampton, Jasper, Lee, Marion, and Union. The other counties had positive values. The range of discrepancies is from Greenville County (</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>40</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>) and Aiken and Allendale, both at </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>1</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. On average, there is a difference of </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>4.8</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> deaths. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>222</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>between SC DHEC and NYTimes. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>See the SC DHEC and USAFacts difference description. </SPAN><SPAN /></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;">No Difference </SPAN><SPAN>between USAFacts and NYTimes. </SPAN><SPAN /></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>The difference equation is USAFacts – NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in USAFacts, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0. </SPAN></P></LI></UL></LI></UL></LI></UL><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Reported data started 3/16/2022 (USAFacts and NYTimes), and 3/15/2022 (DHEC). </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>Data Summary </SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>NYTimes</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports the cumulative number of cases for each geographic area. The case counts include lab-confirmed and probable cases. The criteria for probable cases are provided in the readme (</SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://int.nyt.com/data/documenthelper/6908-cste-interim-20-id-01-covid-19/85d47e89b637cd643d50/optimized/full.pdf" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>linked here</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>). The readme includes a disclaimer about the reporting variability in geographies, including some counties including confirmed and probable cases as a single total and some geographies not including probable cases. The data includes cases and deaths in the same workbook file. Deaths overall include confirmed and probable counts. They distinguished between confirmed and probable deaths, with probable deaths including deaths where COVID was listed on the death certificate as a cause of death/significant contributing condition, but not a positive lab test. Additionally, deaths among probable cases tracked by a state/local health department where a death certificate hadn’t been filed were also counted. The readme notes the effort made by NYTimes to update the data to reflect the most current counts (including any possible removal/reallocation). </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports the cases, deaths, and population estimates in South Carolina, South Carolina regions, and South Carolina counties with the option to further enhance the criteria of the data. Based on the lack of a mention of the data being cumulative and matching the data from “Cases” and “Deaths” (full-time) to the combination of 2020 and 2021 data, it is assumed that the data is not cumulative. The case counts include the number of confirmed and probable cases (</SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://scdhec.gov/covid19/covid-19-confirmed-probable-cases" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>more information linked here</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>). In the data itself, confirmed and probable cases are combined in “Cases”. Cases and deaths are broken out to further criteria (Race, ethnicity, sex, and age). No additional data is provided for what is considered for deaths in the data. This source gives an option to view certain case and death counts for a period by changing the slider for start and end dates. Extensive detail about the background of the SC DHEC data and population estimates is not provided. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>USAFacts</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports nationwide COVID cases and deaths. A link to the detailed methodology and sources is provided here: </SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://usafacts.org/articles/detailed-methodology-covid-19-data/" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>link</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>. This source aggregates data from the CDC and state/local public health agencies. The detailed methodology does provide a disclaimer that states: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>“Because of the frequency with which we are currently updating this data, this may not reflect the exact numbers reported by state and local government organizations or the news media. Numbers may also fluctuate as agencies update their own data.”</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN> The data is cumulative. It counts presumptive positive cases as confirmed cases (identified as only cases for both in the data). It takes deaths directly from state/local agencies. Deaths were counted only if COVID played a significant role in causing death. When the location of death and location of residency were reported in a death, deaths were attributed to the location of residency. The data lists South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SC DHEC) as a source for South Carolina. </SPAN></P></LI></UL><P /></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Copyright Text: USAfacts (2020-2022); CDC Wonder Database (1999-2019); US Census Bureau Redistricting Data (2020); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI) USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">Data Source Comparison Thoughts</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>Population</SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Numbers Reported</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="font-weight:bold;margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>U.S. Census Bureau (2020)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>5,118,425</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-weight:bold;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>This estimate is pulled from the US Census Bureau Population Reporting 2020, which is in the file </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>2020_SCPop</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>(</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, a summary file from </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>DECENNIALPL2020.P1-2021-11-23T184402 </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>(Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\GISReference\Population</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:12pt"><SPAN>)</SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>5,218,040</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>This estimate is based on the SC DHEC reported population estimates in each of the county-specific dashboard table pages and in the statewide dashboard table. The county estimates and the statewide estimate had the same number. The SC DHEC population estimates are ‘2020 population estimates’ from the Census’ experimental 1-year American Community Survey (ACS). </SPAN></P></LI></UL><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 8;"><SPAN>Difference</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 56;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>99,615</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> with a net positive for SC DHEC estimates. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 8;"><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC estimates (1-year ACS) – Census (Decennial) Population = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher estimate in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher estimate in the census population. Most counties had a greater population estimate using the SC DHEC data than with the census population. However, 10 counties had greater population estimates using the census bureau: (Chester (-62), Colleton (-1,123), Georgetown (-51), Hampton (-508), McCormick (-96), Marlboro (-1,086), Pickens (-3,421), Spartanburg (-1,792), Union (-253), and Williamsburg (-1,201). The biggest discrepancies are Horry County </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>(+14,420)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> and Pickens County </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>(-3,421)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">COVID Cases and Deaths </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Three different sources for both COVID cases and COVID deaths were used: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFacts</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>SC DHEC Estimates</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, and the </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN /><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;">Numbers Reported</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">USAFacts</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;">975,320</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN /><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">USAFacts</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Deaths: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>14,636</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the cumulative reported cases on 12/31/2021 to include all reported cases in 2020 and 2021 and all reported deaths in the same time frame. The raw data files are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\ PublicHealth\Data\COVID\Raw. The USAFacts raw files have the “USAFacts” prefix. Cases are </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFACTS_covid_confirmed_usafacts 01122022</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. Deaths are </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFACTS_covid_deaths_usafacts 01122022</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">SC DHEC</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>1,000,194</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>When checked, there was a discrepancy of 70 cases in the SC DHEC data (last reported number: 1,000,264). Our thoughts are that SC DHEC is continually updating the data and it will then change the number of cases. Not every county had a discrepancy and those that did were only around 2-3. </SPAN><SPAN /></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:16pt"> </SPAN><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:16pt"> Deaths: </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt">14,858</SPAN></P></LI></UL></LI></UL><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the reported values from the beginning of 2020 to 12/31/2021. The raw data files (in the form of pdfs) are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID\SCDHEC\PDFs. The excel files combining each county are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID\Raw. The SC DHEC raw files have the “SC DHEC” prefix. Cases and deaths are combined. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>975,320</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="text-indent:20;margin:0 0 11 20;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Deaths: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>14,636</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the NYTimes updated database through GitHub. It provides yearly data for 2020, 2021, and 2022. This data is cumulative so to capture the 2020-2021 timeframe, data is from 12/31/2021. The raw data files are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\ Data\COVID\NYTimes. Cases and deaths are combined in the excel sheet. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>Differences in Cases</SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>24,874</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and USAFacts. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC– USAFacts = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in USAFacts. All counties reported a higher number of cases in the SC DHEC data than the USAFacts data. The range of discrepancies is from Greenville County (</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>3,028</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>) to Allendale County (</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>26</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>). On average, there is a difference of </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>542</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> cases. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>24,874</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and New York Times. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC– NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties reported a higher number of cases in the SC DHEC data than the NYTimes data. This data difference is the same as the SC DHEC/USAFacts Cases difference values. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>No difference</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>between USAFacts and New York Times. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is USAFacts – NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in USAFacts, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Reported data started 3/6/2022 (USAFacts and NYTimes) and 3/4/2022 (SC DHEC).</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Differences in Deaths</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>222</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and USAFacts. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC – USAFacts = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in USAFacts. 12 counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0 (Bamberg, Barnwell, Berkeley, Charleston, Clarendon, Edgefield, Fairfield, Hampton, Jasper, Lee, Marion, and Union. The other counties had positive values. The range of discrepancies is from Greenville County (</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>40</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>) and Aiken and Allendale, both at </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>1</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. On average, there is a difference of </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>4.8</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> deaths. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>222</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>between SC DHEC and NYTimes. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>See the SC DHEC and USAFacts difference description. </SPAN><SPAN /></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;">No Difference </SPAN><SPAN>between USAFacts and NYTimes. </SPAN><SPAN /></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>The difference equation is USAFacts – NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in USAFacts, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0. </SPAN></P></LI></UL></LI></UL></LI></UL><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Reported data started 3/16/2022 (USAFacts and NYTimes), and 3/15/2022 (DHEC). </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>Data Summary </SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>NYTimes</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports the cumulative number of cases for each geographic area. The case counts include lab-confirmed and probable cases. The criteria for probable cases are provided in the readme (</SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://int.nyt.com/data/documenthelper/6908-cste-interim-20-id-01-covid-19/85d47e89b637cd643d50/optimized/full.pdf" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>linked here</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>). The readme includes a disclaimer about the reporting variability in geographies, including some counties including confirmed and probable cases as a single total and some geographies not including probable cases. The data includes cases and deaths in the same workbook file. Deaths overall include confirmed and probable counts. They distinguished between confirmed and probable deaths, with probable deaths including deaths where COVID was listed on the death certificate as a cause of death/significant contributing condition, but not a positive lab test. Additionally, deaths among probable cases tracked by a state/local health department where a death certificate hadn’t been filed were also counted. The readme notes the effort made by NYTimes to update the data to reflect the most current counts (including any possible removal/reallocation). </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports the cases, deaths, and population estimates in South Carolina, South Carolina regions, and South Carolina counties with the option to further enhance the criteria of the data. Based on the lack of a mention of the data being cumulative and matching the data from “Cases” and “Deaths” (full-time) to the combination of 2020 and 2021 data, it is assumed that the data is not cumulative. The case counts include the number of confirmed and probable cases (</SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://scdhec.gov/covid19/covid-19-confirmed-probable-cases" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>more information linked here</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>). In the data itself, confirmed and probable cases are combined in “Cases”. Cases and deaths are broken out to further criteria (Race, ethnicity, sex, and age). No additional data is provided for what is considered for deaths in the data. This source gives an option to view certain case and death counts for a period by changing the slider for start and end dates. Extensive detail about the background of the SC DHEC data and population estimates is not provided. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>USAFacts</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports nationwide COVID cases and deaths. A link to the detailed methodology and sources is provided here: </SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://usafacts.org/articles/detailed-methodology-covid-19-data/" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>link</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>. This source aggregates data from the CDC and state/local public health agencies. The detailed methodology does provide a disclaimer that states: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>“Because of the frequency with which we are currently updating this data, this may not reflect the exact numbers reported by state and local government organizations or the news media. Numbers may also fluctuate as agencies update their own data.”</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN> The data is cumulative. It counts presumptive positive cases as confirmed cases (identified as only cases for both in the data). It takes deaths directly from state/local agencies. Deaths were counted only if COVID played a significant role in causing death. When the location of death and location of residency were reported in a death, deaths were attributed to the location of residency. The data lists South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SC DHEC) as a source for South Carolina. </SPAN></P></LI></UL><P /></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Copyright Text: USAfacts (2020-2022); CDC Wonder Database (1999-2019); US Census Bureau Redistricting Data (2020); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI) USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">Data Source Comparison Thoughts</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>Population</SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Numbers Reported</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="font-weight:bold;margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>U.S. Census Bureau (2020)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>5,118,425</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-weight:bold;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>This estimate is pulled from the US Census Bureau Population Reporting 2020, which is in the file </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>2020_SCPop</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>(</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, a summary file from </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>DECENNIALPL2020.P1-2021-11-23T184402 </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>(Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\GISReference\Population</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:12pt"><SPAN>)</SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>5,218,040</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>This estimate is based on the SC DHEC reported population estimates in each of the county-specific dashboard table pages and in the statewide dashboard table. The county estimates and the statewide estimate had the same number. The SC DHEC population estimates are ‘2020 population estimates’ from the Census’ experimental 1-year American Community Survey (ACS). </SPAN></P></LI></UL><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 8;"><SPAN>Difference</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 56;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>99,615</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> with a net positive for SC DHEC estimates. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 8;"><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC estimates (1-year ACS) – Census (Decennial) Population = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher estimate in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher estimate in the census population. Most counties had a greater population estimate using the SC DHEC data than with the census population. However, 10 counties had greater population estimates using the census bureau: (Chester (-62), Colleton (-1,123), Georgetown (-51), Hampton (-508), McCormick (-96), Marlboro (-1,086), Pickens (-3,421), Spartanburg (-1,792), Union (-253), and Williamsburg (-1,201). The biggest discrepancies are Horry County </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>(+14,420)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> and Pickens County </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>(-3,421)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">COVID Cases and Deaths </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Three different sources for both COVID cases and COVID deaths were used: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFacts</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>SC DHEC Estimates</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, and the </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN /><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;">Numbers Reported</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">USAFacts</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;">975,320</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN /><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">USAFacts</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Deaths: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>14,636</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the cumulative reported cases on 12/31/2021 to include all reported cases in 2020 and 2021 and all reported deaths in the same time frame. The raw data files are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\ PublicHealth\Data\COVID\Raw. The USAFacts raw files have the “USAFacts” prefix. Cases are </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFACTS_covid_confirmed_usafacts 01122022</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. Deaths are </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFACTS_covid_deaths_usafacts 01122022</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">SC DHEC</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>1,000,194</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>When checked, there was a discrepancy of 70 cases in the SC DHEC data (last reported number: 1,000,264). Our thoughts are that SC DHEC is continually updating the data and it will then change the number of cases. Not every county had a discrepancy and those that did were only around 2-3. </SPAN><SPAN /></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:16pt"> </SPAN><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:16pt"> Deaths: </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt">14,858</SPAN></P></LI></UL></LI></UL><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the reported values from the beginning of 2020 to 12/31/2021. The raw data files (in the form of pdfs) are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID\SCDHEC\PDFs. The excel files combining each county are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID\Raw. The SC DHEC raw files have the “SC DHEC” prefix. Cases and deaths are combined. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>975,320</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="text-indent:20;margin:0 0 11 20;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Deaths: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>14,636</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the NYTimes updated database through GitHub. It provides yearly data for 2020, 2021, and 2022. This data is cumulative so to capture the 2020-2021 timeframe, data is from 12/31/2021. The raw data files are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\ Data\COVID\NYTimes. Cases and deaths are combined in the excel sheet. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>Differences in Cases</SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>24,874</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and USAFacts. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC– USAFacts = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in USAFacts. All counties reported a higher number of cases in the SC DHEC data than the USAFacts data. The range of discrepancies is from Greenville County (</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>3,028</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>) to Allendale County (</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>26</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>). On average, there is a difference of </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>542</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> cases. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>24,874</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and New York Times. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC– NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties reported a higher number of cases in the SC DHEC data than the NYTimes data. This data difference is the same as the SC DHEC/USAFacts Cases difference values. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>No difference</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>between USAFacts and New York Times. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is USAFacts – NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in USAFacts, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Reported data started 3/6/2022 (USAFacts and NYTimes) and 3/4/2022 (SC DHEC).</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Differences in Deaths</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>222</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and USAFacts. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC – USAFacts = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in USAFacts. 12 counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0 (Bamberg, Barnwell, Berkeley, Charleston, Clarendon, Edgefield, Fairfield, Hampton, Jasper, Lee, Marion, and Union. The other counties had positive values. The range of discrepancies is from Greenville County (</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>40</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>) and Aiken and Allendale, both at </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>1</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. On average, there is a difference of </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>4.8</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> deaths. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>222</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>between SC DHEC and NYTimes. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>See the SC DHEC and USAFacts difference description. </SPAN><SPAN /></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;">No Difference </SPAN><SPAN>between USAFacts and NYTimes. </SPAN><SPAN /></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>The difference equation is USAFacts – NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in USAFacts, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0. </SPAN></P></LI></UL></LI></UL></LI></UL><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Reported data started 3/16/2022 (USAFacts and NYTimes), and 3/15/2022 (DHEC). </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>Data Summary </SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>NYTimes</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports the cumulative number of cases for each geographic area. The case counts include lab-confirmed and probable cases. The criteria for probable cases are provided in the readme (</SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://int.nyt.com/data/documenthelper/6908-cste-interim-20-id-01-covid-19/85d47e89b637cd643d50/optimized/full.pdf" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>linked here</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>). The readme includes a disclaimer about the reporting variability in geographies, including some counties including confirmed and probable cases as a single total and some geographies not including probable cases. The data includes cases and deaths in the same workbook file. Deaths overall include confirmed and probable counts. They distinguished between confirmed and probable deaths, with probable deaths including deaths where COVID was listed on the death certificate as a cause of death/significant contributing condition, but not a positive lab test. Additionally, deaths among probable cases tracked by a state/local health department where a death certificate hadn’t been filed were also counted. The readme notes the effort made by NYTimes to update the data to reflect the most current counts (including any possible removal/reallocation). </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports the cases, deaths, and population estimates in South Carolina, South Carolina regions, and South Carolina counties with the option to further enhance the criteria of the data. Based on the lack of a mention of the data being cumulative and matching the data from “Cases” and “Deaths” (full-time) to the combination of 2020 and 2021 data, it is assumed that the data is not cumulative. The case counts include the number of confirmed and probable cases (</SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://scdhec.gov/covid19/covid-19-confirmed-probable-cases" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>more information linked here</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>). In the data itself, confirmed and probable cases are combined in “Cases”. Cases and deaths are broken out to further criteria (Race, ethnicity, sex, and age). No additional data is provided for what is considered for deaths in the data. This source gives an option to view certain case and death counts for a period by changing the slider for start and end dates. Extensive detail about the background of the SC DHEC data and population estimates is not provided. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>USAFacts</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports nationwide COVID cases and deaths. A link to the detailed methodology and sources is provided here: </SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://usafacts.org/articles/detailed-methodology-covid-19-data/" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>link</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>. This source aggregates data from the CDC and state/local public health agencies. The detailed methodology does provide a disclaimer that states: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>“Because of the frequency with which we are currently updating this data, this may not reflect the exact numbers reported by state and local government organizations or the news media. Numbers may also fluctuate as agencies update their own data.”</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN> The data is cumulative. It counts presumptive positive cases as confirmed cases (identified as only cases for both in the data). It takes deaths directly from state/local agencies. Deaths were counted only if COVID played a significant role in causing death. When the location of death and location of residency were reported in a death, deaths were attributed to the location of residency. The data lists South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SC DHEC) as a source for South Carolina. </SPAN></P></LI></UL><P /></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Copyright Text: USAfacts (2020-2022); CDC Wonder Database (1999-2019); US Census Bureau Redistricting Data (2020); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI) USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">Data Source Comparison Thoughts</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>Population</SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Numbers Reported</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="font-weight:bold;margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>U.S. Census Bureau (2020)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>5,118,425</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-weight:bold;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>This estimate is pulled from the US Census Bureau Population Reporting 2020, which is in the file </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>2020_SCPop</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>(</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, a summary file from </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>DECENNIALPL2020.P1-2021-11-23T184402 </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>(Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\GISReference\Population</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:12pt"><SPAN>)</SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>5,218,040</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>This estimate is based on the SC DHEC reported population estimates in each of the county-specific dashboard table pages and in the statewide dashboard table. The county estimates and the statewide estimate had the same number. The SC DHEC population estimates are ‘2020 population estimates’ from the Census’ experimental 1-year American Community Survey (ACS). </SPAN></P></LI></UL><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 8;"><SPAN>Difference</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 56;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>99,615</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> with a net positive for SC DHEC estimates. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 8;"><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC estimates (1-year ACS) – Census (Decennial) Population = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher estimate in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher estimate in the census population. Most counties had a greater population estimate using the SC DHEC data than with the census population. However, 10 counties had greater population estimates using the census bureau: (Chester (-62), Colleton (-1,123), Georgetown (-51), Hampton (-508), McCormick (-96), Marlboro (-1,086), Pickens (-3,421), Spartanburg (-1,792), Union (-253), and Williamsburg (-1,201). The biggest discrepancies are Horry County </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>(+14,420)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> and Pickens County </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>(-3,421)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">COVID Cases and Deaths </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Three different sources for both COVID cases and COVID deaths were used: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFacts</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>SC DHEC Estimates</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, and the </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN /><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;">Numbers Reported</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">USAFacts</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;">975,320</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN /><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">USAFacts</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Deaths: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>14,636</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the cumulative reported cases on 12/31/2021 to include all reported cases in 2020 and 2021 and all reported deaths in the same time frame. The raw data files are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\ PublicHealth\Data\COVID\Raw. The USAFacts raw files have the “USAFacts” prefix. Cases are </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFACTS_covid_confirmed_usafacts 01122022</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. Deaths are </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFACTS_covid_deaths_usafacts 01122022</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">SC DHEC</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>1,000,194</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>When checked, there was a discrepancy of 70 cases in the SC DHEC data (last reported number: 1,000,264). Our thoughts are that SC DHEC is continually updating the data and it will then change the number of cases. Not every county had a discrepancy and those that did were only around 2-3. </SPAN><SPAN /></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:16pt"> </SPAN><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:16pt"> Deaths: </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt">14,858</SPAN></P></LI></UL></LI></UL><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the reported values from the beginning of 2020 to 12/31/2021. The raw data files (in the form of pdfs) are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID\SCDHEC\PDFs. The excel files combining each county are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID\Raw. The SC DHEC raw files have the “SC DHEC” prefix. Cases and deaths are combined. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>975,320</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="text-indent:20;margin:0 0 11 20;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Deaths: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>14,636</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the NYTimes updated database through GitHub. It provides yearly data for 2020, 2021, and 2022. This data is cumulative so to capture the 2020-2021 timeframe, data is from 12/31/2021. The raw data files are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\ Data\COVID\NYTimes. Cases and deaths are combined in the excel sheet. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>Differences in Cases</SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>24,874</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and USAFacts. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC– USAFacts = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in USAFacts. All counties reported a higher number of cases in the SC DHEC data than the USAFacts data. The range of discrepancies is from Greenville County (</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>3,028</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>) to Allendale County (</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>26</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>). On average, there is a difference of </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>542</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> cases. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>24,874</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and New York Times. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC– NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties reported a higher number of cases in the SC DHEC data than the NYTimes data. This data difference is the same as the SC DHEC/USAFacts Cases difference values. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>No difference</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>between USAFacts and New York Times. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is USAFacts – NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in USAFacts, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Reported data started 3/6/2022 (USAFacts and NYTimes) and 3/4/2022 (SC DHEC).</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Differences in Deaths</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>222</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and USAFacts. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC – USAFacts = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in USAFacts. 12 counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0 (Bamberg, Barnwell, Berkeley, Charleston, Clarendon, Edgefield, Fairfield, Hampton, Jasper, Lee, Marion, and Union. The other counties had positive values. The range of discrepancies is from Greenville County (</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>40</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>) and Aiken and Allendale, both at </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>1</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. On average, there is a difference of </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>4.8</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> deaths. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>222</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>between SC DHEC and NYTimes. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>See the SC DHEC and USAFacts difference description. </SPAN><SPAN /></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;">No Difference </SPAN><SPAN>between USAFacts and NYTimes. </SPAN><SPAN /></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>The difference equation is USAFacts – NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in USAFacts, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0. </SPAN></P></LI></UL></LI></UL></LI></UL><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Reported data started 3/16/2022 (USAFacts and NYTimes), and 3/15/2022 (DHEC). </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>Data Summary </SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>NYTimes</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports the cumulative number of cases for each geographic area. The case counts include lab-confirmed and probable cases. The criteria for probable cases are provided in the readme (</SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://int.nyt.com/data/documenthelper/6908-cste-interim-20-id-01-covid-19/85d47e89b637cd643d50/optimized/full.pdf" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>linked here</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>). The readme includes a disclaimer about the reporting variability in geographies, including some counties including confirmed and probable cases as a single total and some geographies not including probable cases. The data includes cases and deaths in the same workbook file. Deaths overall include confirmed and probable counts. They distinguished between confirmed and probable deaths, with probable deaths including deaths where COVID was listed on the death certificate as a cause of death/significant contributing condition, but not a positive lab test. Additionally, deaths among probable cases tracked by a state/local health department where a death certificate hadn’t been filed were also counted. The readme notes the effort made by NYTimes to update the data to reflect the most current counts (including any possible removal/reallocation). </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports the cases, deaths, and population estimates in South Carolina, South Carolina regions, and South Carolina counties with the option to further enhance the criteria of the data. Based on the lack of a mention of the data being cumulative and matching the data from “Cases” and “Deaths” (full-time) to the combination of 2020 and 2021 data, it is assumed that the data is not cumulative. The case counts include the number of confirmed and probable cases (</SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://scdhec.gov/covid19/covid-19-confirmed-probable-cases" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>more information linked here</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>). In the data itself, confirmed and probable cases are combined in “Cases”. Cases and deaths are broken out to further criteria (Race, ethnicity, sex, and age). No additional data is provided for what is considered for deaths in the data. This source gives an option to view certain case and death counts for a period by changing the slider for start and end dates. Extensive detail about the background of the SC DHEC data and population estimates is not provided. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>USAFacts</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports nationwide COVID cases and deaths. A link to the detailed methodology and sources is provided here: </SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://usafacts.org/articles/detailed-methodology-covid-19-data/" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>link</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>. This source aggregates data from the CDC and state/local public health agencies. The detailed methodology does provide a disclaimer that states: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>“Because of the frequency with which we are currently updating this data, this may not reflect the exact numbers reported by state and local government organizations or the news media. Numbers may also fluctuate as agencies update their own data.”</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN> The data is cumulative. It counts presumptive positive cases as confirmed cases (identified as only cases for both in the data). It takes deaths directly from state/local agencies. Deaths were counted only if COVID played a significant role in causing death. When the location of death and location of residency were reported in a death, deaths were attributed to the location of residency. The data lists South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SC DHEC) as a source for South Carolina. </SPAN></P></LI></UL><P /></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Copyright Text: USAfacts (2020-2022); CDC Wonder Database (1999-2019); US Census Bureau Redistricting Data (2020); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI) USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">Data Source Comparison Thoughts</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>Population</SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Numbers Reported</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="font-weight:bold;margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>U.S. Census Bureau (2020)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>5,118,425</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-weight:bold;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>This estimate is pulled from the US Census Bureau Population Reporting 2020, which is in the file </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>2020_SCPop</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>(</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, a summary file from </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>DECENNIALPL2020.P1-2021-11-23T184402 </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>(Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\GISReference\Population</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:12pt"><SPAN>)</SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>5,218,040</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>This estimate is based on the SC DHEC reported population estimates in each of the county-specific dashboard table pages and in the statewide dashboard table. The county estimates and the statewide estimate had the same number. The SC DHEC population estimates are ‘2020 population estimates’ from the Census’ experimental 1-year American Community Survey (ACS). </SPAN></P></LI></UL><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 8;"><SPAN>Difference</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 56;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>99,615</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> with a net positive for SC DHEC estimates. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 8;"><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC estimates (1-year ACS) – Census (Decennial) Population = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher estimate in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher estimate in the census population. Most counties had a greater population estimate using the SC DHEC data than with the census population. However, 10 counties had greater population estimates using the census bureau: (Chester (-62), Colleton (-1,123), Georgetown (-51), Hampton (-508), McCormick (-96), Marlboro (-1,086), Pickens (-3,421), Spartanburg (-1,792), Union (-253), and Williamsburg (-1,201). The biggest discrepancies are Horry County </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>(+14,420)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> and Pickens County </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>(-3,421)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">COVID Cases and Deaths </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Three different sources for both COVID cases and COVID deaths were used: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFacts</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>SC DHEC Estimates</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, and the </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN /><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;">Numbers Reported</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">USAFacts</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;">975,320</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN /><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">USAFacts</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Deaths: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>14,636</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the cumulative reported cases on 12/31/2021 to include all reported cases in 2020 and 2021 and all reported deaths in the same time frame. The raw data files are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\ PublicHealth\Data\COVID\Raw. The USAFacts raw files have the “USAFacts” prefix. Cases are </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFACTS_covid_confirmed_usafacts 01122022</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. Deaths are </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFACTS_covid_deaths_usafacts 01122022</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">SC DHEC</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>1,000,194</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>When checked, there was a discrepancy of 70 cases in the SC DHEC data (last reported number: 1,000,264). Our thoughts are that SC DHEC is continually updating the data and it will then change the number of cases. Not every county had a discrepancy and those that did were only around 2-3. </SPAN><SPAN /></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:16pt"> </SPAN><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:16pt"> Deaths: </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt">14,858</SPAN></P></LI></UL></LI></UL><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the reported values from the beginning of 2020 to 12/31/2021. The raw data files (in the form of pdfs) are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID\SCDHEC\PDFs. The excel files combining each county are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID\Raw. The SC DHEC raw files have the “SC DHEC” prefix. Cases and deaths are combined. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>975,320</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="text-indent:20;margin:0 0 11 20;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Deaths: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>14,636</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the NYTimes updated database through GitHub. It provides yearly data for 2020, 2021, and 2022. This data is cumulative so to capture the 2020-2021 timeframe, data is from 12/31/2021. The raw data files are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\ Data\COVID\NYTimes. Cases and deaths are combined in the excel sheet. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>Differences in Cases</SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>24,874</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and USAFacts. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC– USAFacts = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in USAFacts. All counties reported a higher number of cases in the SC DHEC data than the USAFacts data. The range of discrepancies is from Greenville County (</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>3,028</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>) to Allendale County (</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>26</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>). On average, there is a difference of </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>542</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> cases. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>24,874</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and New York Times. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC– NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties reported a higher number of cases in the SC DHEC data than the NYTimes data. This data difference is the same as the SC DHEC/USAFacts Cases difference values. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>No difference</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>between USAFacts and New York Times. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is USAFacts – NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in USAFacts, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Reported data started 3/6/2022 (USAFacts and NYTimes) and 3/4/2022 (SC DHEC).</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Differences in Deaths</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>222</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and USAFacts. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC – USAFacts = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in USAFacts. 12 counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0 (Bamberg, Barnwell, Berkeley, Charleston, Clarendon, Edgefield, Fairfield, Hampton, Jasper, Lee, Marion, and Union. The other counties had positive values. The range of discrepancies is from Greenville County (</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>40</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>) and Aiken and Allendale, both at </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>1</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. On average, there is a difference of </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>4.8</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> deaths. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>222</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>between SC DHEC and NYTimes. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>See the SC DHEC and USAFacts difference description. </SPAN><SPAN /></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;">No Difference </SPAN><SPAN>between USAFacts and NYTimes. </SPAN><SPAN /></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>The difference equation is USAFacts – NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in USAFacts, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0. </SPAN></P></LI></UL></LI></UL></LI></UL><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Reported data started 3/16/2022 (USAFacts and NYTimes), and 3/15/2022 (DHEC). </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>Data Summary </SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>NYTimes</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports the cumulative number of cases for each geographic area. The case counts include lab-confirmed and probable cases. The criteria for probable cases are provided in the readme (</SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://int.nyt.com/data/documenthelper/6908-cste-interim-20-id-01-covid-19/85d47e89b637cd643d50/optimized/full.pdf" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>linked here</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>). The readme includes a disclaimer about the reporting variability in geographies, including some counties including confirmed and probable cases as a single total and some geographies not including probable cases. The data includes cases and deaths in the same workbook file. Deaths overall include confirmed and probable counts. They distinguished between confirmed and probable deaths, with probable deaths including deaths where COVID was listed on the death certificate as a cause of death/significant contributing condition, but not a positive lab test. Additionally, deaths among probable cases tracked by a state/local health department where a death certificate hadn’t been filed were also counted. The readme notes the effort made by NYTimes to update the data to reflect the most current counts (including any possible removal/reallocation). </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports the cases, deaths, and population estimates in South Carolina, South Carolina regions, and South Carolina counties with the option to further enhance the criteria of the data. Based on the lack of a mention of the data being cumulative and matching the data from “Cases” and “Deaths” (full-time) to the combination of 2020 and 2021 data, it is assumed that the data is not cumulative. The case counts include the number of confirmed and probable cases (</SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://scdhec.gov/covid19/covid-19-confirmed-probable-cases" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>more information linked here</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>). In the data itself, confirmed and probable cases are combined in “Cases”. Cases and deaths are broken out to further criteria (Race, ethnicity, sex, and age). No additional data is provided for what is considered for deaths in the data. This source gives an option to view certain case and death counts for a period by changing the slider for start and end dates. Extensive detail about the background of the SC DHEC data and population estimates is not provided. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>USAFacts</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports nationwide COVID cases and deaths. A link to the detailed methodology and sources is provided here: </SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://usafacts.org/articles/detailed-methodology-covid-19-data/" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>link</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>. This source aggregates data from the CDC and state/local public health agencies. The detailed methodology does provide a disclaimer that states: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>“Because of the frequency with which we are currently updating this data, this may not reflect the exact numbers reported by state and local government organizations or the news media. Numbers may also fluctuate as agencies update their own data.”</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN> The data is cumulative. It counts presumptive positive cases as confirmed cases (identified as only cases for both in the data). It takes deaths directly from state/local agencies. Deaths were counted only if COVID played a significant role in causing death. When the location of death and location of residency were reported in a death, deaths were attributed to the location of residency. The data lists South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SC DHEC) as a source for South Carolina. </SPAN></P></LI></UL><P /></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Copyright Text: USAfacts (2020-2022); CDC Wonder Database (1999-2019); US Census Bureau Redistricting Data (2020); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI) USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">Data Source Comparison Thoughts</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>Population</SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Numbers Reported</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="font-weight:bold;margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>U.S. Census Bureau (2020)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>5,118,425</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-weight:bold;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>This estimate is pulled from the US Census Bureau Population Reporting 2020, which is in the file </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>2020_SCPop</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>(</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, a summary file from </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>DECENNIALPL2020.P1-2021-11-23T184402 </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>(Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\GISReference\Population</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:12pt"><SPAN>)</SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>5,218,040</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>This estimate is based on the SC DHEC reported population estimates in each of the county-specific dashboard table pages and in the statewide dashboard table. The county estimates and the statewide estimate had the same number. The SC DHEC population estimates are ‘2020 population estimates’ from the Census’ experimental 1-year American Community Survey (ACS). </SPAN></P></LI></UL><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 8;"><SPAN>Difference</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 56;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>99,615</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> with a net positive for SC DHEC estimates. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 8;"><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC estimates (1-year ACS) – Census (Decennial) Population = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher estimate in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher estimate in the census population. Most counties had a greater population estimate using the SC DHEC data than with the census population. However, 10 counties had greater population estimates using the census bureau: (Chester (-62), Colleton (-1,123), Georgetown (-51), Hampton (-508), McCormick (-96), Marlboro (-1,086), Pickens (-3,421), Spartanburg (-1,792), Union (-253), and Williamsburg (-1,201). The biggest discrepancies are Horry County </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>(+14,420)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> and Pickens County </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>(-3,421)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">COVID Cases and Deaths </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Three different sources for both COVID cases and COVID deaths were used: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFacts</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>SC DHEC Estimates</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, and the </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN /><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;">Numbers Reported</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">USAFacts</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;">975,320</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN /><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">USAFacts</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Deaths: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>14,636</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the cumulative reported cases on 12/31/2021 to include all reported cases in 2020 and 2021 and all reported deaths in the same time frame. The raw data files are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\ PublicHealth\Data\COVID\Raw. The USAFacts raw files have the “USAFacts” prefix. Cases are </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFACTS_covid_confirmed_usafacts 01122022</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. Deaths are </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFACTS_covid_deaths_usafacts 01122022</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">SC DHEC</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>1,000,194</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>When checked, there was a discrepancy of 70 cases in the SC DHEC data (last reported number: 1,000,264). Our thoughts are that SC DHEC is continually updating the data and it will then change the number of cases. Not every county had a discrepancy and those that did were only around 2-3. </SPAN><SPAN /></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:16pt"> </SPAN><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:16pt"> Deaths: </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt">14,858</SPAN></P></LI></UL></LI></UL><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the reported values from the beginning of 2020 to 12/31/2021. The raw data files (in the form of pdfs) are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID\SCDHEC\PDFs. The excel files combining each county are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID\Raw. The SC DHEC raw files have the “SC DHEC” prefix. Cases and deaths are combined. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>975,320</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="text-indent:20;margin:0 0 11 20;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Deaths: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>14,636</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the NYTimes updated database through GitHub. It provides yearly data for 2020, 2021, and 2022. This data is cumulative so to capture the 2020-2021 timeframe, data is from 12/31/2021. The raw data files are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\ Data\COVID\NYTimes. Cases and deaths are combined in the excel sheet. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>Differences in Cases</SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>24,874</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and USAFacts. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC– USAFacts = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in USAFacts. All counties reported a higher number of cases in the SC DHEC data than the USAFacts data. The range of discrepancies is from Greenville County (</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>3,028</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>) to Allendale County (</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>26</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>). On average, there is a difference of </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>542</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> cases. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>24,874</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and New York Times. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC– NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties reported a higher number of cases in the SC DHEC data than the NYTimes data. This data difference is the same as the SC DHEC/USAFacts Cases difference values. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>No difference</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>between USAFacts and New York Times. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is USAFacts – NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in USAFacts, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Reported data started 3/6/2022 (USAFacts and NYTimes) and 3/4/2022 (SC DHEC).</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Differences in Deaths</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>222</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and USAFacts. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC – USAFacts = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in USAFacts. 12 counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0 (Bamberg, Barnwell, Berkeley, Charleston, Clarendon, Edgefield, Fairfield, Hampton, Jasper, Lee, Marion, and Union. The other counties had positive values. The range of discrepancies is from Greenville County (</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>40</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>) and Aiken and Allendale, both at </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>1</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. On average, there is a difference of </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>4.8</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> deaths. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>222</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>between SC DHEC and NYTimes. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>See the SC DHEC and USAFacts difference description. </SPAN><SPAN /></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;">No Difference </SPAN><SPAN>between USAFacts and NYTimes. </SPAN><SPAN /></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>The difference equation is USAFacts – NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in USAFacts, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0. </SPAN></P></LI></UL></LI></UL></LI></UL><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Reported data started 3/16/2022 (USAFacts and NYTimes), and 3/15/2022 (DHEC). </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>Data Summary </SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>NYTimes</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports the cumulative number of cases for each geographic area. The case counts include lab-confirmed and probable cases. The criteria for probable cases are provided in the readme (</SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://int.nyt.com/data/documenthelper/6908-cste-interim-20-id-01-covid-19/85d47e89b637cd643d50/optimized/full.pdf" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>linked here</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>). The readme includes a disclaimer about the reporting variability in geographies, including some counties including confirmed and probable cases as a single total and some geographies not including probable cases. The data includes cases and deaths in the same workbook file. Deaths overall include confirmed and probable counts. They distinguished between confirmed and probable deaths, with probable deaths including deaths where COVID was listed on the death certificate as a cause of death/significant contributing condition, but not a positive lab test. Additionally, deaths among probable cases tracked by a state/local health department where a death certificate hadn’t been filed were also counted. The readme notes the effort made by NYTimes to update the data to reflect the most current counts (including any possible removal/reallocation). </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports the cases, deaths, and population estimates in South Carolina, South Carolina regions, and South Carolina counties with the option to further enhance the criteria of the data. Based on the lack of a mention of the data being cumulative and matching the data from “Cases” and “Deaths” (full-time) to the combination of 2020 and 2021 data, it is assumed that the data is not cumulative. The case counts include the number of confirmed and probable cases (</SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://scdhec.gov/covid19/covid-19-confirmed-probable-cases" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>more information linked here</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>). In the data itself, confirmed and probable cases are combined in “Cases”. Cases and deaths are broken out to further criteria (Race, ethnicity, sex, and age). No additional data is provided for what is considered for deaths in the data. This source gives an option to view certain case and death counts for a period by changing the slider for start and end dates. Extensive detail about the background of the SC DHEC data and population estimates is not provided. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>USAFacts</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports nationwide COVID cases and deaths. A link to the detailed methodology and sources is provided here: </SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://usafacts.org/articles/detailed-methodology-covid-19-data/" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>link</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>. This source aggregates data from the CDC and state/local public health agencies. The detailed methodology does provide a disclaimer that states: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>“Because of the frequency with which we are currently updating this data, this may not reflect the exact numbers reported by state and local government organizations or the news media. Numbers may also fluctuate as agencies update their own data.”</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN> The data is cumulative. It counts presumptive positive cases as confirmed cases (identified as only cases for both in the data). It takes deaths directly from state/local agencies. Deaths were counted only if COVID played a significant role in causing death. When the location of death and location of residency were reported in a death, deaths were attributed to the location of residency. The data lists South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SC DHEC) as a source for South Carolina. </SPAN></P></LI></UL><P /></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Copyright Text: USAfacts (2020-2022); CDC Wonder Database (1999-2019); US Census Bureau Redistricting Data (2020); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI) USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">Data Source Comparison Thoughts</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>Population</SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Numbers Reported</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="font-weight:bold;margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>U.S. Census Bureau (2020)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>5,118,425</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-weight:bold;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>This estimate is pulled from the US Census Bureau Population Reporting 2020, which is in the file </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>2020_SCPop</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>(</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, a summary file from </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>DECENNIALPL2020.P1-2021-11-23T184402 </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>(Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\GISReference\Population</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:12pt"><SPAN>)</SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>5,218,040</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>This estimate is based on the SC DHEC reported population estimates in each of the county-specific dashboard table pages and in the statewide dashboard table. The county estimates and the statewide estimate had the same number. The SC DHEC population estimates are ‘2020 population estimates’ from the Census’ experimental 1-year American Community Survey (ACS). </SPAN></P></LI></UL><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 8;"><SPAN>Difference</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 56;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>99,615</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> with a net positive for SC DHEC estimates. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 8;"><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC estimates (1-year ACS) – Census (Decennial) Population = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher estimate in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher estimate in the census population. Most counties had a greater population estimate using the SC DHEC data than with the census population. However, 10 counties had greater population estimates using the census bureau: (Chester (-62), Colleton (-1,123), Georgetown (-51), Hampton (-508), McCormick (-96), Marlboro (-1,086), Pickens (-3,421), Spartanburg (-1,792), Union (-253), and Williamsburg (-1,201). The biggest discrepancies are Horry County </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>(+14,420)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> and Pickens County </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>(-3,421)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">COVID Cases and Deaths </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Three different sources for both COVID cases and COVID deaths were used: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFacts</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>SC DHEC Estimates</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, and the </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN /><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;">Numbers Reported</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">USAFacts</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;">975,320</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN /><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">USAFacts</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Deaths: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>14,636</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the cumulative reported cases on 12/31/2021 to include all reported cases in 2020 and 2021 and all reported deaths in the same time frame. The raw data files are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\ PublicHealth\Data\COVID\Raw. The USAFacts raw files have the “USAFacts” prefix. Cases are </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFACTS_covid_confirmed_usafacts 01122022</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. Deaths are </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFACTS_covid_deaths_usafacts 01122022</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">SC DHEC</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>1,000,194</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>When checked, there was a discrepancy of 70 cases in the SC DHEC data (last reported number: 1,000,264). Our thoughts are that SC DHEC is continually updating the data and it will then change the number of cases. Not every county had a discrepancy and those that did were only around 2-3. </SPAN><SPAN /></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:16pt"> </SPAN><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:16pt"> Deaths: </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt">14,858</SPAN></P></LI></UL></LI></UL><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the reported values from the beginning of 2020 to 12/31/2021. The raw data files (in the form of pdfs) are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID\SCDHEC\PDFs. The excel files combining each county are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID\Raw. The SC DHEC raw files have the “SC DHEC” prefix. Cases and deaths are combined. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>975,320</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="text-indent:20;margin:0 0 11 20;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Deaths: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>14,636</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the NYTimes updated database through GitHub. It provides yearly data for 2020, 2021, and 2022. This data is cumulative so to capture the 2020-2021 timeframe, data is from 12/31/2021. The raw data files are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\ Data\COVID\NYTimes. Cases and deaths are combined in the excel sheet. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>Differences in Cases</SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>24,874</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and USAFacts. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC– USAFacts = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in USAFacts. All counties reported a higher number of cases in the SC DHEC data than the USAFacts data. The range of discrepancies is from Greenville County (</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>3,028</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>) to Allendale County (</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>26</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>). On average, there is a difference of </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>542</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> cases. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>24,874</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and New York Times. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC– NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties reported a higher number of cases in the SC DHEC data than the NYTimes data. This data difference is the same as the SC DHEC/USAFacts Cases difference values. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>No difference</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>between USAFacts and New York Times. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is USAFacts – NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in USAFacts, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Reported data started 3/6/2022 (USAFacts and NYTimes) and 3/4/2022 (SC DHEC).</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Differences in Deaths</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>222</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and USAFacts. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC – USAFacts = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in USAFacts. 12 counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0 (Bamberg, Barnwell, Berkeley, Charleston, Clarendon, Edgefield, Fairfield, Hampton, Jasper, Lee, Marion, and Union. The other counties had positive values. The range of discrepancies is from Greenville County (</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>40</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>) and Aiken and Allendale, both at </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>1</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. On average, there is a difference of </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>4.8</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> deaths. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>222</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>between SC DHEC and NYTimes. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>See the SC DHEC and USAFacts difference description. </SPAN><SPAN /></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;">No Difference </SPAN><SPAN>between USAFacts and NYTimes. </SPAN><SPAN /></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>The difference equation is USAFacts – NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in USAFacts, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0. </SPAN></P></LI></UL></LI></UL></LI></UL><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Reported data started 3/16/2022 (USAFacts and NYTimes), and 3/15/2022 (DHEC). </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>Data Summary </SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>NYTimes</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports the cumulative number of cases for each geographic area. The case counts include lab-confirmed and probable cases. The criteria for probable cases are provided in the readme (</SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://int.nyt.com/data/documenthelper/6908-cste-interim-20-id-01-covid-19/85d47e89b637cd643d50/optimized/full.pdf" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>linked here</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>). The readme includes a disclaimer about the reporting variability in geographies, including some counties including confirmed and probable cases as a single total and some geographies not including probable cases. The data includes cases and deaths in the same workbook file. Deaths overall include confirmed and probable counts. They distinguished between confirmed and probable deaths, with probable deaths including deaths where COVID was listed on the death certificate as a cause of death/significant contributing condition, but not a positive lab test. Additionally, deaths among probable cases tracked by a state/local health department where a death certificate hadn’t been filed were also counted. The readme notes the effort made by NYTimes to update the data to reflect the most current counts (including any possible removal/reallocation). </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports the cases, deaths, and population estimates in South Carolina, South Carolina regions, and South Carolina counties with the option to further enhance the criteria of the data. Based on the lack of a mention of the data being cumulative and matching the data from “Cases” and “Deaths” (full-time) to the combination of 2020 and 2021 data, it is assumed that the data is not cumulative. The case counts include the number of confirmed and probable cases (</SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://scdhec.gov/covid19/covid-19-confirmed-probable-cases" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>more information linked here</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>). In the data itself, confirmed and probable cases are combined in “Cases”. Cases and deaths are broken out to further criteria (Race, ethnicity, sex, and age). No additional data is provided for what is considered for deaths in the data. This source gives an option to view certain case and death counts for a period by changing the slider for start and end dates. Extensive detail about the background of the SC DHEC data and population estimates is not provided. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>USAFacts</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports nationwide COVID cases and deaths. A link to the detailed methodology and sources is provided here: </SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://usafacts.org/articles/detailed-methodology-covid-19-data/" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>link</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>. This source aggregates data from the CDC and state/local public health agencies. The detailed methodology does provide a disclaimer that states: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>“Because of the frequency with which we are currently updating this data, this may not reflect the exact numbers reported by state and local government organizations or the news media. Numbers may also fluctuate as agencies update their own data.”</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN> The data is cumulative. It counts presumptive positive cases as confirmed cases (identified as only cases for both in the data). It takes deaths directly from state/local agencies. Deaths were counted only if COVID played a significant role in causing death. When the location of death and location of residency were reported in a death, deaths were attributed to the location of residency. The data lists South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SC DHEC) as a source for South Carolina. </SPAN></P></LI></UL><P /></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Copyright Text: USAfacts (2020-2022); CDC Wonder Database (1999-2019); US Census Bureau Redistricting Data (2020); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI) USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">Data Source Comparison Thoughts</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>Population</SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Numbers Reported</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="font-weight:bold;margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>U.S. Census Bureau (2020)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>5,118,425</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-weight:bold;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>This estimate is pulled from the US Census Bureau Population Reporting 2020, which is in the file </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>2020_SCPop</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>(</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, a summary file from </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>DECENNIALPL2020.P1-2021-11-23T184402 </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>(Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\GISReference\Population</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:12pt"><SPAN>)</SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>5,218,040</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>This estimate is based on the SC DHEC reported population estimates in each of the county-specific dashboard table pages and in the statewide dashboard table. The county estimates and the statewide estimate had the same number. The SC DHEC population estimates are ‘2020 population estimates’ from the Census’ experimental 1-year American Community Survey (ACS). </SPAN></P></LI></UL><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 8;"><SPAN>Difference</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 56;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>99,615</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> with a net positive for SC DHEC estimates. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 8;"><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC estimates (1-year ACS) – Census (Decennial) Population = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher estimate in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher estimate in the census population. Most counties had a greater population estimate using the SC DHEC data than with the census population. However, 10 counties had greater population estimates using the census bureau: (Chester (-62), Colleton (-1,123), Georgetown (-51), Hampton (-508), McCormick (-96), Marlboro (-1,086), Pickens (-3,421), Spartanburg (-1,792), Union (-253), and Williamsburg (-1,201). The biggest discrepancies are Horry County </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>(+14,420)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> and Pickens County </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>(-3,421)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">COVID Cases and Deaths </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Three different sources for both COVID cases and COVID deaths were used: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFacts</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>SC DHEC Estimates</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, and the </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN /><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;">Numbers Reported</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">USAFacts</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;">975,320</SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN /><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">USAFacts</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Deaths: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>14,636</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the cumulative reported cases on 12/31/2021 to include all reported cases in 2020 and 2021 and all reported deaths in the same time frame. The raw data files are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\ PublicHealth\Data\COVID\Raw. The USAFacts raw files have the “USAFacts” prefix. Cases are </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFACTS_covid_confirmed_usafacts 01122022</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. Deaths are </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>USAFACTS_covid_deaths_usafacts 01122022</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">SC DHEC</SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>1,000,194</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>When checked, there was a discrepancy of 70 cases in the SC DHEC data (last reported number: 1,000,264). Our thoughts are that SC DHEC is continually updating the data and it will then change the number of cases. Not every county had a discrepancy and those that did were only around 2-3. </SPAN><SPAN /></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-size:16pt"> </SPAN><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-size:16pt"> Deaths: </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt">14,858</SPAN></P></LI></UL></LI></UL><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the reported values from the beginning of 2020 to 12/31/2021. The raw data files (in the form of pdfs) are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID\SCDHEC\PDFs. The excel files combining each county are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\Data\COVID\Raw. The SC DHEC raw files have the “SC DHEC” prefix. Cases and deaths are combined. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 40;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Cases: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>975,320</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="text-indent:20;margin:0 0 11 20;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>New York Times</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> Deaths: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>14,636</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>These cases and deaths are based on the NYTimes updated database through GitHub. It provides yearly data for 2020, 2021, and 2022. This data is cumulative so to capture the 2020-2021 timeframe, data is from 12/31/2021. The raw data files are available in Z:\Workspace\Projects\SCEMD _HIRA 2023\2023Plan\Data\ByHazard\PublicHealth\ Data\COVID\NYTimes. Cases and deaths are combined in the excel sheet. </SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>Differences in Cases</SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>24,874</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and USAFacts. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC– USAFacts = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in USAFacts. All counties reported a higher number of cases in the SC DHEC data than the USAFacts data. The range of discrepancies is from Greenville County (</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>3,028</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>) to Allendale County (</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>26</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>). On average, there is a difference of </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>542</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> cases. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>24,874</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and New York Times. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC– NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties reported a higher number of cases in the SC DHEC data than the NYTimes data. This data difference is the same as the SC DHEC/USAFacts Cases difference values. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>No difference</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>between USAFacts and New York Times. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is USAFacts – NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in USAFacts, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Reported data started 3/6/2022 (USAFacts and NYTimes) and 3/4/2022 (SC DHEC).</SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="font-style:italic;margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Differences in Deaths</SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>222</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> between SC DHEC and USAFacts. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>The difference equation is SC DHEC – USAFacts = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in SC DHEC, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in USAFacts. 12 counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0 (Bamberg, Barnwell, Berkeley, Charleston, Clarendon, Edgefield, Fairfield, Hampton, Jasper, Lee, Marion, and Union. The other counties had positive values. The range of discrepancies is from Greenville County (</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>40</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>) and Aiken and Allendale, both at </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>1</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>. On average, there is a difference of </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>4.8</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> deaths. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 48;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>222</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>between SC DHEC and NYTimes. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>See the SC DHEC and USAFacts difference description. </SPAN><SPAN /></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;">No Difference </SPAN><SPAN>between USAFacts and NYTimes. </SPAN><SPAN /></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN>The difference equation is USAFacts – NYTimes = Difference. Any difference that is positive has a higher number reported in USAFacts, and any that is negative has a higher number reported in NYTimes. All counties matched between the two sources with a net value of 0. </SPAN></P></LI></UL></LI></UL></LI></UL><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN><SPAN>Reported data started 3/16/2022 (USAFacts and NYTimes), and 3/15/2022 (DHEC). </SPAN></SPAN></P><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>Data Summary </SPAN></SPAN></P><UL STYLE="margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;"><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>NYTimes</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports the cumulative number of cases for each geographic area. The case counts include lab-confirmed and probable cases. The criteria for probable cases are provided in the readme (</SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://int.nyt.com/data/documenthelper/6908-cste-interim-20-id-01-covid-19/85d47e89b637cd643d50/optimized/full.pdf" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>linked here</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>). The readme includes a disclaimer about the reporting variability in geographies, including some counties including confirmed and probable cases as a single total and some geographies not including probable cases. The data includes cases and deaths in the same workbook file. Deaths overall include confirmed and probable counts. They distinguished between confirmed and probable deaths, with probable deaths including deaths where COVID was listed on the death certificate as a cause of death/significant contributing condition, but not a positive lab test. Additionally, deaths among probable cases tracked by a state/local health department where a death certificate hadn’t been filed were also counted. The readme notes the effort made by NYTimes to update the data to reflect the most current counts (including any possible removal/reallocation). </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>SC DHEC</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports the cases, deaths, and population estimates in South Carolina, South Carolina regions, and South Carolina counties with the option to further enhance the criteria of the data. Based on the lack of a mention of the data being cumulative and matching the data from “Cases” and “Deaths” (full-time) to the combination of 2020 and 2021 data, it is assumed that the data is not cumulative. The case counts include the number of confirmed and probable cases (</SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://scdhec.gov/covid19/covid-19-confirmed-probable-cases" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>more information linked here</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>). In the data itself, confirmed and probable cases are combined in “Cases”. Cases and deaths are broken out to further criteria (Race, ethnicity, sex, and age). No additional data is provided for what is considered for deaths in the data. This source gives an option to view certain case and death counts for a period by changing the slider for start and end dates. Extensive detail about the background of the SC DHEC data and population estimates is not provided. </SPAN></SPAN></P></LI><LI><P STYLE="margin:0 0 11 0;"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;"><SPAN>USAFacts</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN><SPAN> data reports nationwide COVID cases and deaths. A link to the detailed methodology and sources is provided here: </SPAN></SPAN><A href="https://usafacts.org/articles/detailed-methodology-covid-19-data/" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN>link</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN><SPAN>. This source aggregates data from the CDC and state/local public health agencies. The detailed methodology does provide a disclaimer that states: </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;"><SPAN>“Because of the frequency with which we are currently updating this data, this may not reflect the exact numbers reported by state and local government organizations or the news media. Numbers may also fluctuate as agencies update their own data.”</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN> The data is cumulative. It counts presumptive positive cases as confirmed cases (identified as only cases for both in the data). It takes deaths directly from state/local agencies. Deaths were counted only if COVID played a significant role in causing death. When the location of death and location of residency were reported in a death, deaths were attributed to the location of residency. The data lists South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SC DHEC) as a source for South Carolina. </SPAN></P></LI></UL><P /></DIV></DIV></DIV>
Copyright Text: USAfacts (2020-2022); CDC Wonder Database (1999-2019); US Census Bureau Redistricting Data (2020); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI) USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: US Census Bureau American Community Survey 2016-2020 5-Year Data (2022); Hazards Vulnerability and Resilience Institute, USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: US Census Bureau Land Area Dataset (2011); Iowa Environmental Mesonet Warnings (1986-2021); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute, USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: US Census Bureau Land Area Dataset (2011); Iowa Environmental Mesonet Warnings (1986-2021); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute, USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: US Census Bureau Land Area Dataset (2011); Iowa Environmental Mesonet Warnings (1986-2021); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute, USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: US Census Bureau Land Area Dataset (2011); Iowa Environmental Mesonet Warnings (1986-2021); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute, USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: US Census Bureau Land Area Dataset (2011); Iowa Environmental Mesonet Warnings (1986-2021); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute, USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: US Census Bureau Land Area Dataset (2011); Iowa Environmental Mesonet Warnings (1986-2021); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute, USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Name: Severe Thunderstorm Annual Frequency Interval
Display Field: NAME
Type: Feature Layer
Geometry Type: esriGeometryPolygon
Description:
Copyright Text: US Census Bureau Land Area Dataset (2011); Iowa Environmental Mesonet Warnings (1986-2021); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute, USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NOAA Storm Prediction Center Occurrence Data (2015-2019); US Census Bureau Land Area (2011); Iowa Environmental Mesonet Warnings (2022); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NOAA Storm Prediction Center Occurrence Data (2015-2019); US Census Bureau Land Area (2011); Iowa Environmental Mesonet Warnings (2022); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NOAA Storm Prediction Center Occurrence Data (2015-2019); US Census Bureau Land Area (2011); Iowa Environmental Mesonet Warnings (2022); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NOAA Storm Prediction Center Occurrence Data (2015-2019); US Census Bureau Land Area (2011); Iowa Environmental Mesonet Warnings (2022); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NOAA Storm Prediction Center Occurrence Data (2015-2019); US Census Bureau Land Area (2011); Iowa Environmental Mesonet Warnings (2022); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NOAA Storm Prediction Center Occurrence Data (2015-2019); US Census Bureau Land Area (2011); Iowa Environmental Mesonet Warnings (2022); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NOAA Storm Prediction Center Occurrence Data (2015-2019); US Census Bureau Land Area (2011); Iowa Environmental Mesonet Warnings (2022); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NOAA Storm Prediction Center Occurrence Data (2015-2019); US Census Bureau Land Area (2011); Iowa Environmental Mesonet Warnings (2022); Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Events Database (1996-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI) USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Events Database (1996-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI) USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Events Database (1996-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI) USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Events Database (1996-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI) USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Events Database (1996-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI) USC Dept. of Geography (2022)
Copyright Text: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Events Database (1996-2022); Hazards & Vulnerability Research Institute (HVRI) USC Dept. of Geography (2022)